Real-world attacks havebeen caused by a variety of vulnerabilities. Security solutions are needed forall layers of the blockchain structure, especially the smart contract layerthat caused most of the vulnerabilities.
A detectionmethod designed for a particular layer cannot detect higher-level information.Detection tools for smart contracts, for example, rely on the information inthe smart contract, so they cannot detect features at other levels. Multipleinformation layers must be combined and synergized for effective real-timeattack detection.

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